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29 November 2023
On 1 January 2024, three partially revised implementing ordinances to the Swiss Federal Act on the Surveillance of Post and Telecommunications (SPTA) will enter into force. These provisions are related to 5G technology: the declared aim is to prevent gaps in surveillance by introducing new types of information and surveillance. This (first) revision package raises some fundamental questions. It is still largely unclear which providers are affected by the changes.
The Swiss Federal Council at last divided the revision of surveillance law into two parts:
The Swiss trade association of the ICT and online industry (Swico) and the Swiss Social Democratic Party (SP) criticised this division of the revision into two parts during the consultation process. They argued that the current amendments would lay down obligations without specifying who would be subject to these obligations. However, their request to withdraw the first package of amendments and draw up a new proposal which also includes the second package was not honoured.
The aim of the first revision package is to guarantee the Swiss Post and Telecommunications Surveillance Service ("Surveillance Service") a consistent level of surveillance of postal and telecommunications traffic. To this end, additional types of information and surveillance will be introduced. Specifically, the revision package includes
For the most important changes in this first revision package, see also our article "Modernisation of Surveillance Law at Ordinance Level (Part 1)" of 18 February 2022.
The consultation on the first revision package lasted from 16 February to 23 May 2022. 70 consultation responses were received by the Swiss Federal Department of Justice and Police (FDJP) or, respectively, the Surveillance Service. While the cantons and criminal authorities welcomed the bill in principle, telecommunications providers and other affected providers as well as industry associations criticised it harshly in some cases.
It was criticised that not only provisions relating to 5G technology are being amended, but also others which lead to an expansion of general surveillance, to more work for the Affected Providers and to a reduction in user privacy. Criticism was levelled in particular at the amount of compensation paid to the providers, the data required to identify participants, the automated provision of information, positioning and shorter processing times.
The FDJP ultimately only took part of this criticism into account.
The following points raised during the consultation were incorporated into the final law:
The following points raised during the consultation were not taken into account:
The request of criminal authorities to keep pace with new technological developments such as 5G technology is understandable.
However, from a legislative point of view, it is not convincing to initially lay down obligations without defining who is specifically subject to these obligations. If the group of affected parties is not sufficiently specified, one cannot assume a legally sufficient consultation. It remains largely unclear who is specifically affected by the individual changes, until the Affected Providers are redefined in the second revision package.
The new provisions impose numerous new obligations on the Affected Providers and, in return, provide the criminal authorities with new means. It is questionable whether the actual aim of the revision – to adapt the ordinances to 5G technology – has been achieved or whether it has been overstepped. The introduction of new obligations by way of ordinances also raises fundamental rights issues.
The higher density of information to be provided according to the revised ordinances and the resources to be created for this, will undoubtedly lead to additional expenditure on the part of the Affected Providers. However, the FDJP did not honour the justified request for higher compensation. This is not understandable, as it is ultimately nothing more than assistance from private providers in the performance of government tasks (see also postulate no. 19.4031 by National Councillor Albert Vitali/Marcel Dobler of 16 September 2019 and the report of the Swiss Federal Council of 18 October 2023 based on this). Between 2019 and 2022, the number of enquiries more than doubled according to the relevant statistics of the Surveillance Service (https://www.li.admin.ch/de/stats). It can be assumed that this trend will continue and that the complexity of the cases will also continue to increase.
It is positive that some controversial provisions have been moved to the second revision package. This means that the new obligations can be introduced at the same time as the definition of the Affected Providers. The clarification of the wording of individual provisions of the ordinances and the extension of the transitional period are also to be welcomed.
Companies which qualify as providers of telecommunications services or derived communications services under current law should familiarise themselves with the changes to surveillance law and follow further developments in connection with the second revision package.
For reasons of legal certainty, it would be desirable to have clarity on the Affected Providers as soon as possible.
Author: Jonas D. Gassmann
Categories: Data & Privacy, Digital Business Law Bites, Information and Communication Technology, Media and Entertainment, Blog
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